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The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is a satirical book written by Bobby Henderson that embodies the main beliefs of the parody religion of the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or Pastafarianism.^[1][2] The Flying Spaghetti Monster (FSM) was created by Bobby Henderson in an open letter to the Kansas State Board of Education in which he parodied the concept of intelligent design. After Henderson posted the letter on his website, it became an internet phenomenon and was featured in many large newspapers, which caught the attention of book publishers. Released in March 2006 by Villard Books, The Gospel elaborates on Pastafarian beliefs and practices established in the open letter.

The Gospel includes a creation myth, set of eight 'I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts', and guide to evangelizing, and discusses history and lifestyle from a Pastafarian perspective. Henderson uses satire to show flaws with creationism and prove the Flying Spaghetti Monster, offering an alternative to the intelligent design movement in the process. The book, which has sold more than 100,000 copies,^[3] was generally well received.

Background[edit]

In 2005, Bobby Henderson, then a 24-year-old Oregon State University physics graduate, parodied the concept of intelligent design by professing belief in a Flying Spaghetti Monster in an open letter to the Kansas State Board of Education.^[4][5] He sent the letter prior to the Kansas evolution hearings as a satirical protest against the teaching of intelligent design in biology classes.^[6] In his letter, he noted,

I think we can all look forward to the time when these three theories are given equal time in our science classrooms across the country, and eventually the world; One third time for Intelligent Design, one third time for Flying Spaghetti Monsterism, and one third time for logical conjecture based on overwhelming observable evidence.

In May, having received no reply from the Kansas State Board of Education, Henderson posted the letter on his website.^[8] Shortly thereafter, Pastafarianism became an internet phenomenon.^[2][9] As public awareness grew, the mainstream media picked up on the phenomenon. The Flying Spaghetti Monster became a symbol for the case against intelligent design in public education.^[6][10][11] The open letter was printed in many large newspapers, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Chicago Sun Times,^[12] and received 'worldwide press attention' according to one journalist.^[13]

According to Henderson, newspaper articles attracted the attention of book publishers; at one point, six publishers were interested in the Flying Spaghetti Monster.^[12] In November 2005, Henderson received an $80,000 advance from Villard to write The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster.^[14] Henderson said that he planned to use the proceeds to build a pirate ship, with which he would spread the Pastafarian religion.^[15] The book was released on March 28, 2006.^[16]

Summary[edit]

The Gospel presents the tenets of Pastafarianism—often satires of creationism—elaborating on the 'beliefs' established in the open letter.^[2][17] It includes a creation-myth, a 'propaganda' guide for evangelizing, some pseudo-scientific 'proofs', and several pasta puns.^[2] Along with crude drawings and altered stock photography, Henderson employs irony to present perceived flaws with evolution and discusses history and lifestyle from a Pastafarian perspective.^[17] The book also provides a Pastafarian 'Guide to the Holidays.'^[18] Furthermore, Henderson discusses the original Pastafarian 'belief' that the decline in the number of pirates, who are revered by Pastafarians, has directly led to a rise in global temperature. He provides further 'evidence' of this relationship with the observation 'that many people dress up as pirates for Halloween, and the months following October 31 are generally cooler than those that precede it.'^[13] This and other scientific claims made by Henderson are intended to be disputed.^[19] The claim that declining numbers of pirates have resulted in rising temperatures is meant to demonstrate that correlation does not imply causation.^[20]

The book urges readers to try Pastafarianism for 30 days, saying, 'If you don't like us, your old religion will most likely take you back.'^[21] Henderson states on his website that more than 100,000 copies of the book have been sold.^[3]

Pastafarian creation myth[edit]

The Gospel begins with the creation of the universe by an invisible and undetectable Flying Spaghetti Monster.^[13] On the first day, the Flying Spaghetti Monster separated the water from the heavens; on the second because He could not tread water for long and had grown tired of flying, He created the land—complemented by a beer volcano.^[19] Satisfied, the Flying Spaghetti Monster overindulged in beer from the beer volcano and woke up hungover.^[22] Between drunken nights and clumsy afternoons, the Flying Spaghetti Monster produced seas and land (for a second time, accidentally, because he forgot that he created it the day before) along with Heaven and a 'midget',^[23] which he named Man.^[24] Man and an equally short woman lived happily in the Olive Garden of Eden for some time until the Flying Spaghetti Monster caused a global flood in a cooking accident.^[19]

Virtual families 2 hacks. This creation, 'claimed' by Pastafarians to be only 5,000 years ago, would be considered laughable by many scientists.^[19] To this, Henderson satirically retorts that the Flying Spaghetti Monster presented all evidence to the contrary in order to test Pastafarians' faith.^[25] In addition to parodying certain biblical literalists, Henderson uses this unorthodox method to lampoon intelligent design proponents,^[19] who, he believes, first 'define [their] conclusion and then gather evidence to support it'.^[25]

Captain Mosey and the Eight 'I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts'[edit]

The book contains the Eight 'I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts', adherence to which enables Pastafarians to ascend to heaven, which includes a stripper factory and beer volcano.^[26] According to The Gospel, Mosey the Pirate captain received ten stone tablets as advice from the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Of these original ten 'I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts', two were dropped on the way down from Mount Salsa.^[27] This event 'partly accounts for Pastafarians' flimsy moral standards.'^[28] The 'I'd Really Rather You Didn'ts' address a broad array of behavior, from sexual conduct to nutrition.^[26] One reviewer commented that this parody of the Ten Commandments 'reads like a bitter shopping list of the same criticisms' given to organized religions.^[1] One commandment is 'I'd really rather you didn't build multimillion-dollar synagogues / churches / temples / mosques / shrines to [His] Noodly Goodness when the money could be better spent ending poverty, curing diseases, living in peace, loving with passion and lowering the cost of cable.'^[27]

Translations[edit]

A German translation by Jörn Ingwersen also exists : Das Evangelium des fliegenden Spaghettimonsters December 2008, ISBN978-3442546282, published by Goldmann.

In French: L'Évangile du Monstre en spaghettis volant translation by Diniz GALHOS, published by Le Cherche Midi in March 2008.

In 2015 The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster was translated into Russian^[29] by Mikhail Samin.^[30] In 2016 it was printed.^[31]

The Danish translation 'Evangeliet om Det Flyvende Spaghettimonster' was published by Gyldendal publishing house on International Pasta Day (October 25th) 2016. ISBN9788702210330.

Critical reception[edit]

Scientific American described The Gospel as 'an elaborate spoof on Intelligent Design' and 'very funny'. In 2006, it was nominated for the Quill Award in Humor but did not win.^[3] Wayne Alan Brenner of The Austin Chronicle characterized the book as 'a necessary bit of comic relief in the overly serious battle between science and superstition.'^[17]Simon Singh of the Daily Telegraph wrote that the Gospel 'might be slightly repetitive.. but overall it is a brilliant, provocative, witty and important gem of a book.'^[13] Reviewers at both the University of Pittsburgh^[1] and Penn State^[32] were generally positive about the book. In his book The God Delusion, biologist Richard Dawkins commented: 'I am happy to see that the Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster has been published as a book, to great acclaim.'^[33] Meanwhile, Casey Luskin of the Discovery Institute, the hub of the Intelligent Design movement, labeled the Gospel 'a mockery of the Christian New Testament'.^[34]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcBoyles, Michael (2006-03-30). 'A buffet of carbs for your soul'. U. Pittsburgh: BOOK REVIEW. Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 28 January 2010. The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is a light and enjoyable read that takes a humorous approach to the Intelligent Design/Evolution debate, leaving neither side unscathed in the process.
2. ^ ^abcdVergano, Dan (2006-03-27). ''Spaghetti Monster' is noodling around with faith'. USA Today Science & Space article. Retrieved 2007-02-05.
3. ^ ^abcHenderson, Bobby (2006). 'The FSM Book'. Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Venganza.org. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010.
4. ^'Verbatim: Noodle This, Kansas'. The Washington Post. August 28, 2005.
5. ^Page, Clarence (November 15, 2005). 'Keeping ID out of science classes'. Dallas Morning News.
6. ^ ^abBoxer, Sarah (2005-08-29). 'But Is There Intelligent Spaghetti Out There?'. The New York Times Arts article. Retrieved 2007-02-05.
7. ^Henderson, Bobby (2005). 'Open Letter To Kansas School Board'. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
8. ^'Discussion of the Open Letter'. Henderson, Bobby. Retrieved 2007-04-07.
9. ^'In the beginning there was the Flying Spaghetti Monster'. London: Daily Telegraph. September 11, 2005. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
10. ^'The Flying Spaghetti Monster'. New Scientist. August 6, 2005. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008.
11. ^Rothschild, Scott (August 24, 2005). 'Evolution debate creates monster'. Lawrence Journal-World.
12. ^ ^abHenderson, Bobby (August 2006). 'Comment on the Open Letter'. Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
13. ^ ^abcdSingh, Simon (2006-09-03). 'Was the world created by god, evolution or pasta?'. The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
14. ^Wolff, Eric (November 16, 2005). 'The Case For Intelligent Design: Spaghetti as the Creator'. New York Magazine. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
15. ^ ^abCraig, Katleen (December 22, 2005). 'Passion of the Spaghetti Monster'. Wired News. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
16. ^'The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster'. Random House. 2009. Archived from the original on 2012-07-23.
17. ^ ^abcBrenner, Wayne (2006-04-14). 'The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster'. The Austin Chronicle. Austin Chronicle Corp. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
18. ^The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.123
19. ^ ^abcdeVan Horn, Gavin; Lucas Johnston (2007). 'Evolutionary Controversy and a Side of Pasta: The Flying Spaghetti Monster and the Subversive Function of Religious Parody'(PDF). GOLEM: Journal of Religion and Monsters. 2 (1). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-11-16.
20. ^Savino, John; Marie D. Jones (2007). 'Wrath of the Gods'. Supervolcano: The Catastrophic Event That Changed the Course of Human History: Could Yellowstone Be Next. Career Press. p. 56. ISBN978-1-56414-953-4.
21. ^The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.xiv
22. ^The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.70
23. ^'Open Letter To Kansas School Board « Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster'. www.venganza.org.
24. ^The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.72
25. ^ ^abThe Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.37
26. ^ ^abGrus, Doel (2009). 'Pastafarianism is False'. Your Religion Is False. Brightwalton LLC. p. 74. ISBN978-0-9824818-0-6.
27. ^ ^abCitta, Kyle (2008-12-14). 'CITTA: Pastafarianism garners as much hard evidence as intelligent design'. Daily Nebraskan. Retrieved 2014-12-26.
28. ^The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, p.77
29. ^'Gospel of the FSM on Russian - FSM Discussion'. forum.venganza.org.
30. ^'Gospel on the Russian Pastafarian Church website'.
31. ^ISBN978-5-4474-9669-2
32. ^Rundle, Megan (2006-04-07). 'Henderson tackles Intelligent Design with humor'. Penn State: BOOK REVIEW. Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved 28 January 2010. The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is a humorous and refreshing poke at a serious and controversial topic.
33. ^Dawkins, Richard (2006). 'The God Hypothesis'. The God delusion. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006. p. 53. ISBN978-0-618-68000-9. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
34. ^Luskin, Casey (2006-12-25). ''Celebrating' Christmas at the 'Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster''. Evolution News & Views. Discovery Institute. Retrieved 26 November 2009.

Sources[edit]

• Bobby Henderson. The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. (2006). ISBN0-8129-7656-8
  • This version has a white cover showing a hardcover version with ribbon, the UK hardcover edition from HarperCollins later used the depicted design.
• Bobby Henderson. The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster (hardcover). (2006). ISBN0-00-723160-1

External links[edit]

The National Archives AIR 2/18961. Painting of a UFO spotted on 18 January 1975, near Birmingham. Later identified as satellites Zond 4 and Cosmos 460.

With its origins in the aftermath of World War II, belief in extraterrestrial visitations has grown into one of the most widespread and persistent of modern mysteries. As one measure of its impact on British society, a 1998 opinion survey for the Daily Mail found that one third of the UK’s population believed that “extraterrestrial life has already visited Earth.” Of these, 2 percent (1.26 million people) claim to have seen a UFO or had direct experience of alien visitation.

In conspiracy culture, stories circulate telling of UFO crashes, government cover-ups, and secret agreements between the U.S. military and alien intelligences. In the UK some believe the Ministry of Defense (MoD) operate a “secret army against the aliens” and employ special agents—the legendary Men in Black or MIB—to silence witnesses and remove hard evidence of UFO visitations. But in 2007, after decades of stonewalling questions about its UFO investigations, the MoD announced that it had decided to proactively release all its surviving files. This was, it said, to counter “the maze of rumor and frequently ill-informed speculation” that surrounded their role in this subject. In recognition of the fact that there was public interest in the content of their archives, thousands of pages of formerly secret documents were scanned and uploaded to the Internet. Only a small amount of information was “redacted” to remove names and addresses of people who had reported sightings and, occasionally, secret information that might harm national security if released. These are some examples of what was contained in those files, sent in by citizens to report their sightings.

The National Archives DEFE 24/1983/1. The “Solway Spaceman” photograph taken by Jim Templeton in Cumbria, May 1964.

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One of the most mysterious images in the MoD files is a color photograph of a little girl, holding a bunch of flowers as a space-suited figure looms behind her head. The photograph was taken by a Carlisle fireman, Jim Templeton, of his five-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, on a family day out in May 1964. Jim and his family saw nothing unusual at the time, as they enjoyed the wild scenery of Burgh Marsh, in northern Cumbria. But when he collected the processed film the shop assistant said, “That’s a marvelous photograph, but it’s rather spoilt by the big man behind her!” When Jim took a closer look he was amazed to find that on one of the prints, standing just behind his daughter’s head, was a large figure dressed like an astronaut in a white suit with a dark visor. Jim sent the negatives for scrutiny to Kodak and the Cumbrian police. Both said the image had not been tampered with. After the story was featured in the Cumberland News,Jim’s photograph was republished in newspapers as far away as Australia. Hundreds of letters arrived from across the world at the Templeton household, many offering esoteric explanations for the “Solway Spaceman.” Jim was also visited by two mysterious men dressed in black suits and bowler hats, who drove a brand new black Jaguar and asked to see where the photograph was taken. They referred to each other by numbers and said they were from “the Ministry.” But the surviving RAF and MoD files that mention the “Solway Spaceman” do not provide any clues to the identity of the strange figure in the photograph. Over the years, the case became a cause célèbresin UFOlogy and the image has been featured in many TV programs, books, and articles. Jim died in 2011 at the age of ninety-one with the mystery unsolved. His last words on the subject were “It is up to you to draw your own conclusions. I am sure someone out there knows what it was and where it was from.”

The National Archives DEFE 24/1206. One of a group of drawings of a UFO seen by school children at Upton Priory Junior School, in Macclesfield, October 1977.

The National Archives DEFE 24/1206. One of a group of drawings of a UFO seen by school children at Upton Priory Junior School, in Macclesfield, October 1977.

The release of the science-fiction film Star Wars in 1977 coincided with a wave of UFO sightings across the UK. So many reports were made in West Wales that tabloids began to refer to part of the Pembrokeshire coast as “the Broad Haven Triangle,” after the notorious Bermuda Triangle. One spectacular sighting was reported in February by a group of ten- and eleven-year-old children at Broad Haven Primary School who told their teachers a flying saucer had landed in the playground at lunchtime. Some of the boys said they had spotted a tall man dressed in a silver spacesuit standing beside the UFO. Then one afternoon in October, ten Cheshire children, aged seven to eleven, saw an elliptical object hovering in trees beside the playground of Upton Priory Junior School in Macclesfield, before it rose and vanished. Their teacher asked them to draw what they had seen, separating them to ensure that no copying took place. The children used pencils and colored crayons to produce the images. Their teacher passed the drawings to PC Jones of Cheshire Police, who sent them to Air Traffic Control at Preston and the MoD. He said, “There is a remarkable similarity in these sketches with regard to the UFO and its location between two trees.”

The National Archives DEFE 24/1206 Pen sketch of a UFO leaving Saturn en route to Earth, June 26, 1977

Some people see UFOs more than once and believe they are in telepathic contact with the pilots of these “craft.” In 1977, a correspondent from Stockport in Cheshire sent a series of letters to the UFO desk telling of his sightings of flying saucers from Saturn. He enclosed a pen sketch of one UFO leaving the ringed planet en route to Earth. “At approx. 1 am on June 26 I observed [a] UFO hovering low above and near to flats in which I live,” he explained. “I observed the UFO from inside the flat … This object was blacked out except for a flashing spark-like white light. I intercepted the UFO using telepathy, upon doing so the [it] took immediate evasive action. I have reason to believe the object to be Soviet, although the UFO did acknowledge telepathic transmission by transmitting ring type mental picture similar to those used by UFOs identified as Drep spacecraft—indicating [a] UFO from planet Saturn.”

The National Archives DEFE24/1513. UFO seen in North Yorkshire, October 15, 1981.

A motorist from Leeds, Yorkshire, sent this sketch attached to a letter: “At about 2.45 on the morning of October 15 I was driving south along the A1 near RAF Leeming when what I can only describe as a UFO nearly landed on the A1 just in front of me. As I was driving I had noticed a red light in the sky getting nearer and nearer very quickly. At first I thought it must be a plane but as it got closer I was startled to see what appeared to be a flying parallelogram with red and white lights set diagonally. I then saw two white lights as it tilted … I dipped my headlights, it just hovered [and] getting a bit startled, I put the car headlights on, it very slowly veered to its right, my left, directly overhead at very low height and vanished in a field behind some trees.” The driver heard no noise and was certain it was not a plane, glider, or balloon. Wing Commander Barrett of RAF Leeming checked and found there was no military aircraft flying in the vicinity of Leeming at the time.

The National Archives DEFE24/1999. Drawing of a UFO producing a crop circle, November 1998.

This drawing of a UFO producing a crop circle was sent to Secretariat Air Staff 2 (the UFO desk) in November 1998 from a correspondent in Oxfordshire. His letter said, “I have developed contact with these craft and their energy forces but unfortunately the designs I am perceiving are too complex for me to draw … these include anti-gravitational fields that allow the craft to access time.” In her response the desk officer, Kerry Philpott, said, “There is no evidence to suggest that crop circles are caused by anything of military concern and the MoD does not, therefore, investigate reported sightings or carry out any research into them.”

The National Archives DEFE24/1967. UFOs seen near Smethwick, September 1954.

A letter from Warley, West Midlands, addressed to the MoD, dated June 9, 1994: “Over the past 40 years I have sighted many UFOs all of which I have found both interesting and puzzling … Of course over this period of time I have formed an opinion as to the origin of [these] objects.” The letter was accompanied by two drawings, one depicting an object sighted over Smethwick in August 1954 that “appeared to be all of one piece as if cast instead of built.” The letter added, “There are others including ball of light objects, one of which gave a fantastic display of speed … but for now I would be obliged if you would study my reports and let me have an answer.” In appearance it resembles the flying saucer “scoutship” photographed by the Polish-American contactee George Adamski, who claimed to have taken trips to Venus and Saturn as a guest of friendly, angelic aliens in 1952. Images of the Venusian scoutship first appeared in his best-selling 1953 book Flying Saucers Have Landed, cowritten with Desmond Leslie.

Dr. David Clarke is Reader and Principal Lecturer in Journalism at Sheffield Hallam University. His research interests include investigative journalism, contemporary legends and rumors. Since 2008 he has worked with The National Archives during the release of UFO files created by the Ministry of Defense.

Excerpted from UFO Drawings From The National Archiveby David Clarke. Copyright © 2018 by David Clarke. Published by arrangement with Four Corners Books UK.